I am near Minneapolis MN. There are some non municipal agencies in and around the area. There is the Metro Transit Police Department, MSP Airport Police Department, University of Minnesota Police Department, Minneapolis Park Police Department, Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center Police, Burlington Northern Railroad Police, Canadian Pacific Railroad Police, Union Pacific Railroad Police, USAF Guard/Reserve Security Forces (state & federal), Federal Protective Service, and Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Division.
The working relationships will vary with the policies in place. For example, we had an explosion in Minneapolis recently. The University of Minnesota Police assisted.
The Metro Transit Police Department will assist with calls when, or if, there is a nexus to their mission. For example, it is highly unlikely that they will assist with a "knock down/drag out" domestic in a residence. On the other hand, if there is a large fight near a transit station, they probably will respond. There is even some specific statutory language prohibiting them from executing a search warrant on their own. They must be assisted by the agency with local jurisdiction.
The Minneapolis Park Police are actually dispatched on the very same talkgroups as the regular Minneapolis Police squads. That seems to make a huge differences on them being able to assist with some regular city calls.
The Airport Police don't seem to stray from their turf too often around here.
Similarly, the VA Hospital Police pretty much stick to their campus.
The railroad police are not recognized as peace officers in Minnesota. They are in many other states, however. They do have emergency lights and sirens in their vehicles, they carry sidearms, but they are quite restricted here.
The Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard Security Forces each have both military members as well as civilian members. They are not recognized as peace officers in Minnesota. They stay pretty close to their air base.
The Federal Protective Service around here seem to stick pretty close to the federal office buildings and the court buildings.
The Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Division has a bank in Minneapolis. They are not recognized as Minnesota peace officers. They stay pretty close to their property.
Minnesota has traditionally been pretty restrictive on who they grant police authority to. There are a number of city police departments and even a few township police departments. There are 87 sheriff's offices. How closely they work with one another varies a lot across the state.
We have six state law enforcement agencies: The Minnesota State Patrol, Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, Minnesota Alcohol Gambling Enforcement, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources-Enforcement, Minnesota Department of Corrections-OSI/SIU, and Minnesota Department of Commerce Fraud Unit.
The Minnesota State Patrol can have a tendency to stay on the freeways in the metro areas. They have plenty to do there. Also, the must specifically be asked to respond to local calls. They can't just respond on their own. Now if a city or county guy or gal is on a stop on the freeway, they very well may stop to assist. Outstate, they often work much closer with local agencies.
The majority of the fugitives that the MN DOC-OSI/SIU arrest are in Minneapolis first and the rest of the metro area after that. They do go farther out, but most of their activity is in the metro. They statutes require that they coordinate with the agency with local jurisdiction. It is not unusual to hear them come up on a Minneapolis channel and request to meet a squad prior to an arrest. In fact, some Minneapolis Police officers even get the opportunity to serve on an assignment to that unit. Things like that have a tendency to make for close working relations.
On a side note, we do have tribal police. Most are in greater Minnesota. Most of them are recognized Minnesota peace officers. There is one tribe, however, that is a closed reservation. Only the tribal police and the FBI have arrest authority there.
Another tribe has a police department that is federal. Some/most of the others operate under an agreement with the county.
As a side note, one of the tribal police agencies currently had a falling out with one of the counties that they are located in. As a result, they still continue to exist, but can no longer practice law enforcement on their reservation in that county. They do have an agreement with the next county over, but that consists of a much smaller part of their reservation.
