Lewis,
I'm a retired Ohio State Trooper, While I can't tell you what exactly Colorado does, I can give you a heads up as to what what happens here in Ohio, and some difference between State Police, and State Highway Patrol.
Ohio is a State Highway Patrol.
As a State Trooper, you are assigned to your first post out of the academy. It's generally one of your first few choices to try and cut down on transfer requests. My first patrol post wasn't my first choice, and I eventually transferred to (2) other posts, only to eventually transfer myself right back to where I started :duh: . I was responsible for patrolling a single county at my 1st post, an inner city interstate system at my 2nd, and the 3rd post I transferred to covered (2) counties. As a Trooper, I had my own patrol car that I took home. I was suppose to leave it at the post on my days off, but almost never did. I was assigned a car at each post I went to, but some states assign cars to you when you graduate the academy.
An Ohio State Trooper is responsible for enforcing laws on all public highways, and any state owned or lease properties. Those properties include rest areas, state parks - beaches - campgrounds, state office buildings, bureau of motor vehicle and drivers license facilities, state colleges/universities, state prisons, and department of transportation facilities. Some people find out the hard way that Troopers can even enforce traffic laws within cities that have their own police department.
In addition, the State Highway Patrol is responsible for investigating all airplane crashes, no matter if they're in an area with it's own police department or not.
All agencies investigating traffic crashes are required by Ohio
law to file those reports with the State Highway Patrol within 5-days, and the Highway Patrol will provide assistance to any agency when it comes to things such as traffic crash investigation.
The Highway Patrol is also responsible for new driver testing (but a trooper doesn't do that), and yearly inspection of school buses. The Highway Patrol maintains scale facilities for weighing trucks, as well as portable scale teams that do roadside weight checks.
I believe in most states, the state patrol or state police are responsible for motor vehicle inspections. Some states have inspection stations and require yearly inspections. Ohio does them randomly, which means an Ohio Trooper can pull you over for no other reason but to do a random vehicle inspection.
The Highway Patrol is responsible for responding to rioting/civil unrest. Typically, if an agency had a riot that they couldn't get under control by themselves or other local backup agencies, the agency could request assistance from the Highway Patrol. They can also be requested for crowd control if an agency is anticipating problems (protesters). The Highway Patrol would be the last resort before the National Guard (military) in the event of rioting.
The Highway Patrol has a plain clothes investigative unit in each district headquarters as well as, Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati. Those units investigate anything from crimes on state properties, prisons, auto-title fraud (stolen cars / chop shops), as well as anything the State of Ohio has an interest in ($$). When I retired, the patrol was getting more involved in internet crimes.
The Highway Patrol has a SRT (Special Response Team), and makes it available to other agencies as well.
The State Highway Patrol is responsible for the protection of the Governor and other dignitaries, and I've had the opportunities to be on both Governor and Presidential details.
The Highway Patrol has an aviation section with a few helicopters and several planes. They provide airspeed checks and other traffic enforcement support, as well as air support for searches. They even work with local agencies spotting marijuana plants from the air and directing ground units to them.
Troopers don't have jurisdiction on private property with the following exceptions:
* They have full police powers if they are backing up an agency that has legal authority to be there.
* They can go on to private property if they are witnessing domestic violence.
* They can go on private property for felonies.
Of course, they can go on private property if they are chasing someone, or if they have a warrant.
The difference between them and state police, is that the state police can handle crimes on private property, and the highway patrol cannot.
My suggestion is that if all you want to do is speed up and down the highway chasing taillights, get a job with a State Highway Patrol.
If you want to be involved in all aspects of
law enforcement and investigate crimes on private property, join a State Police.
I was a part-time police officer before becoming a State Trooper. Looking back, I wish I would have moved to a state that had State Police. I worked in areas with a lot of state parks, so I was always able to find other things to do when I needed a little break from traffic enforcement.
Unless there's a lot of crashes to respond to...you can pretty much work at your own pace as a Highway Patrol Trooper. As a State Police Officer/Trooper, you're more at the mercy of the public that's calling the police.
If you contact the Colorado State Patrol, they will probably be more than happy to send you recruitment information:
Colorado State Patrol - Employment and Recruitment - Contact A Recruiter
I will warn you though, I've seen conflicts between State Police / Patrol agencies. Sometimes it's because of the type of person they perceive you to be because of the uniform you wear. Sometimes it's because of a bad experience they had. Fortunately, I was always lucky enough to get along with other departments. Just because you wear a uniform, doesn't mean other agencies will accept you in to the "brotherhood" though. A trooper can cover a large remote area with the only backup being a local police officer or deputy sheriff. I've never been ungrateful for backup from another agency, and I've never met an officer from another agency that wasn't grateful when I showed up. When you take a job that crosses other jurisdictions, you have to learn to make friends with the other departments and get along. <-- I know that's off topic from you're question, but it's advice worth remembering.